Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Article Title: Sensory Neurons, PIEZO Channels and PAC1 Receptors Regulate the Mechanosensitive Release of Soluble Ectonucleotidases in the Murine Urinary Bladder Lamina Propria
doi: 10.3390/ijms24087322
Figure Lengend Snippet: A model depicting mechanosensitive regulation of s-ENTD release in the bladder lamina propria. Distention of the bladder wall during bladder filling causes activation of PIEZO channels [ , ] and mechanosensitive afferent neurons [ , , ] ( 2 ) as well as release of ATP [ , , ] and of soluble ectonucleotidases (s-ENTDs) from the urothelium into the lamina propria. ATP is then degraded to ADP, AMP and adenosine (ADO) by membrane-bound and s-ENTDs [ , ] ( 3 ). ATP, ADP and ADO activate P2X, P2Y and adenosine (AR) receptors in various cell types in the LP and detrusor muscle. Simultaneously, activation of PIEZO channels, TTX-sensitive neurons and PAC1 receptors in response to distention restrain the additional release of s-ENTDs ( 4 ) to avert the excessive degradation of ATP and preserve bioactive purines at effective concentrations at receptor sites. Controlled inhibition of s-ENTD release is likely mediated by substances (e.g., PACAP and other neuropeptides) that are released from sensory neurons and/or urothelium in response to distention during bladder filling. The release of s-ENTDs and consequent extracellular ATP metabolism in the lamina propria is under complex regulation (Figure created with BioRender.com).
Article Snippet: PACAP6-38 , PAC1 receptor antagonist , 0.3 , KBS , Tocris Biosciences.
Techniques: Activation Assay, Membrane, Inhibition